If goodness has causes, it is not goodness; if it has effects, a reward, it is not goodness either. So goodness is outside the chain of cause and effect.

Leo Tolstoy Anna Karenina (1878), Part 8, Chapter 12 Verified source · How we source quotes

Where this quote comes from

Konstantin Levin reaches this idea near the end of Anna Karenina, after a peasant tells him that one man lives for his belly while another lives for his soul and remembers God. The remark sets off the understanding Levin has been searching for. Goodness, he decides, cannot be explained by reason or by reward, because it stands outside cause and effect.

Source: Anna Karenina (1878), Part 8, Chapter 12

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